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ORGANIZER;CN='8th ECIC & 9th ICSTI 2022':MAILTO:info@ecic-icsti.com
LOCATION:Room „Borgward“
SUMMARY:Non-fossil fuels from wet biomass for ironmaking: biocrude, biohydrogen, biocoke
DESCRIPTION:Summary. Biocrude oil for ironmaking

Frans Goudriaan and Jaap Naber, BioFuel B.V., Rendorppark 30, 1963AM, Heemskerk, The Netherlands, info@biofuel.com
Maarten Geerdes, Geerdes Advies, Mient 3B, 1901AB Castricum, The Netherlands, geerdes@mgeerdes.nl

Paper submitted to
ECIC & ICSTI 2022 Joint Conference, Bremen, 29. August - 2. September 2022

The Hydrothermal Upgrading Process (HTU®) is capable of producing biocrude from biomass and consolidates ~70% of the energy content. Biomass residues from sugarcane, palm oil, forestry or cultivation of energy crops can be used.
The process is technically feasible as shown in a pilot plant producing from 500 kg dry biomass  200 kg biocrude/day. The next step is construction of a demonstration plant, that will process 25.000 ton biomass to 10.000 ton biocrude per year. 
The biocrude produced from the Hydrothermal Upgrading Process (HTU®) is separated by extraction to a minerals-free light crude (LCR) and heavy crude (HCR).  

Application of biofuels for ironmaking will be discussed. 
•	Injection of LCR into blast furnaces, which is similar to heavy fuel oil injection used extensively for ironmaking until the mid-1970’s. LCR injection can replace most if not all coal injection in blast furnaces.
•	From HCR coke can be produced. The product is similar to pet-coke with a very low S-content. Pet coke percentage in the coal blend for coke making can reach 25-30% of the coal blend. 
•	The biocrude and/or LCR can be used in direct reduction plants (DRI). The crudes can be injected with or without gasification by some additional oxygen. The injected crude will be converted to syngas in the DR reactor replacing natural gas and/or hydrogen.

In total an estimated 50% of carbon used for ironmaking in blast furnaces can be replaced by a sustainable source. The HTU® process can produce LCR at a cost of 7 €/GJ, or 245 €/ton. 

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