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ORGANIZER;CN='8th ECIC & 9th ICSTI 2022':MAILTO:info@ecic-icsti.com
LOCATION:Room „Borgward“
SUMMARY:The European iron and steelmaking industry on the way to climate neutral production in the years to come
DESCRIPTION:The integrated steel works in Western Europe operate modern plants to produce a wide variety of high-grade steel products. Currently, the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) route for steel production is the main production route within Europe with a share of 57.3 % at total crude steel production in 2021. The other 42.7 % is produced by scrap-based Electric arc furnaces. The integrated BF-BOF-route is today operated close to its theoretical minimum in carbon consumption, but it is still the main CO2 emitter in iron and steelmaking.
This needs to be changed, because the requirements of the society to stop the climate change and to limit temperature increase to 2° C by the year 2050 compared to the pre-industrial decades of the late 19th century require massive efforts for the steel industry to reach the target of CO2-free steel production. The key ways to reduce CO2 emissions in iron and steelmaking can be summarized under the general terms “Smart Carbon Usage” (SCU) and “Carbon Direct Avoidance” (CDA). SCU covers on the basis of carbon carriers as reductant incremental measures at the conventional blast furnace converter route and the CO2 mitigation measures by applying so-called “end-of-pipe” technologies like CCS (CO2 Capture and Storage) and CCU (Carbon Capture and Usage). CDA covers the scrap based electric arc furnace route and the iron ore based steelmaking route via direct reduction plants and electric arc furnaces by the use of natural gas and/or hydrogen as reducing agent, which means the complete avoidance of coal and coke for the reduction of iron ores. The application of CCU at the conventional blast furnace converter route, which means the conversion of process gases into chemical raw materials, as well as the implementation of the direct reduction technology with hydrogen and subsequent smelting of the DRI (Direct Reduced Iron) to steel in an electric arc furnace or a combination of a submerged arc furnace and a basic oxygen steel converter require an immense amount of hydrogen and CO2-free electric energy. The transformation of the integrated BF-BOF route to DR-EAF route requires huge amount of capex and higher rates of opex.

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